optics{ light_propagation{ } }

usage: \(\mathrm{\textcolor{ForestGreen}{optional}}\)
items: maximum 1

Specifies options related to the light field propagating through the device and defines energy grid for optical field and optical spectra used.

Note

Energy resolution is properly inherited based on the absorption spectra used.

Dependencies

optics{ global_illumination{ } } is specified in the input file.
Exactly one of the following must be defined: min_wavelength, min_energy within this group.
Exactly one of the following must be defined: max_wavelength, max_energy within this group.
Maximum one of use_local_spectra{ } and use_computed_spectra{ } can be defined within this group.

Maintained Keywords

The keywords below are available in at least one of currently published releases and are planned to be included also in the next release.

min_wavelength

usage: \(\mathrm{\textcolor{ForestGreen}{optional}}\)
type: real number
values: \(10.0 \leq r \leq 10^{6}\)
unit: \(\mathrm{nm}\)

Low-energy boundary of the energy grid for propagating photons expressed by a wavelength.

Note

This limit is also used for spectra computed for the entire device (absorption and emission) which can be used for photogeneration by calling use_global_spectra{ } or use_local_spectra{ }.

max_wavelength

usage: \(\mathrm{\textcolor{ForestGreen}{optional}}\)
type: real number
values: \(10.0 \leq r \leq 10^{6}\)
unit: \(\mathrm{nm}\)

High-energy boundary of the energy grid for propagating photons expressed by a wavelength.

Note

This limit is also used for spectra computed for the entire device (absorption and emission) which can be used for photogeneration by calling use_global_spectra{ } or use_local_spectra{ }.

min_energy

usage: \(\mathrm{\textcolor{ForestGreen}{optional}}\)
type: real number
values: \(10^{-6} \leq r \leq 10^{2}\)
unit: \(\mathrm{eV}\)

Low-energy boundary of the energy grid for propagating photons.

Note

This limit is also used for spectra computed for the entire device (absorption and emission) which can be used for photogeneration by calling use_global_spectra{ } or use_local_spectra{ }.

max_energy

usage: \(\mathrm{\textcolor{ForestGreen}{optional}}\)
type: real number
values: \(10^{-6} \leq r \leq 10^{2}\)
unit: \(\mathrm{eV}\)

High-energy boundary of the energy grid for propagating photons.

Note

This limit is also used for spectra computed for the entire device (absorption and emission) which can be used for photogeneration by calling use_global_spectra{ } or use_local_spectra{ }.

use_global_spectra{ }

usage: \(\mathrm{\textcolor{ForestGreen}{optional}}\)
items: maximum 1

Light propagation model uses single imported global absorption spectrum for all regions. It cannot be computed during the runtime. The absorption spectrum is also assigned to every region with any boundary conditions (contact regions).

use_global_spectra{ energy_resolution }

usage: \(\mathrm{\textcolor{Dandelion}{conditional}}\)
type: real number
values: [1e-6, ...)
unit: \(\mathrm{eV}\)
default: \(r=1e-2\)

Spacing between subsequent energy grid points for the light field and optical spectra used.

use_local_spectra{ }

usage: \(\mathrm{\textcolor{ForestGreen}{optional}}\)
items: maximum 1

Light propagation model uses single imported global absorption spectrum within local absorption framework. Regions with boundary conditions imposed on the Poisson equation (electric potential) are treated as perfectly transparent, zero absorption coefficient is assigned.

Note

In the future, this feature is planned to use imported position-dependent optical absorption spectra.

Hint

See contacts{ } for further reference on boundary conditions.

use_local_spectra{ energy_resolution }

usage: \(\mathrm{\textcolor{Dandelion}{conditional}}\)
type: real number
values: [1e-6, ...)
unit: \(\mathrm{eV}\)
default: \(r=1e-2\)

Spacing between subsequent energy grid points for the light field and optical spectra used.

use_computed_spectra{ }

usage: \(\mathrm{\textcolor{ForestGreen}{optional}}\)
items: maximum 1

Light propagation model uses absorption spectrum within local absorption framework which is computed within the runtime. Regions with boundary conditions imposed on the Poisson equation (electric potential) are treated as perfectly transparent, zero absorption coefficient is assigned.

Hint

See contacts{ } for further reference on boundary conditions.

Note

Bias ramping set by reuse_previous is ignored when this group is called.

Dependencies

energy_grid{ } must be defined.
optics{ semiclassical_spectra{ } } must be defined.
local_absorption must be defined.
optics{ global_absorption_coeff{ } } is not specified in the input file.
optics{ global_refractive_index{ } } is not specified in the input file.

output_global_spectra{ }

usage: \(\mathrm{\textcolor{ForestGreen}{optional}}\)
items: maximum 1

This group is used to output optical spectra which entered the calculation of the light propagation through the device.

output_global_spectra{ reflectivity }

usage: \(\mathrm{\textcolor{ForestGreen}{optional}}\)
type: choice
values: yes or no
default: no

If set to yes, then the reflectivity spectrum is outputted.

output_global_spectra{ absorption_coeff }

usage: \(\mathrm{\textcolor{ForestGreen}{optional}}\)
type: choice
values: yes or no
default: no

If set to yes, then the absorption spectrum is outputted.

output_global_spectra{ decadic_absorption_coeff }

usage: \(\mathrm{\textcolor{ForestGreen}{optional}}\)
type: choice
values: yes or no
default: no

If set to yes, then the absorption spectrum in decadic units is outputted.

output_global_spectra{ refractive_index }

usage: \(\mathrm{\textcolor{ForestGreen}{optional}}\)
type: choice
values: yes or no
default: no

If set to yes, then the refractive index spectrum is outputted.

output_global_spectra{ spectra_over_energy }

usage: \(\mathrm{\textcolor{ForestGreen}{optional}}\)
type: choice
values: yes or no
default: yes

If set to yes then the selected spectra are outputted over photon energy.

output_global_spectra{ spectra_over_frequency }

usage: \(\mathrm{\textcolor{ForestGreen}{optional}}\)
type: choice
values: yes or no
default: no

If set to yes then the selected spectra are outputted over photon frequency.

output_global_spectra{ spectra_over_wavenumber }

usage: \(\mathrm{\textcolor{ForestGreen}{optional}}\)
type: choice
values: yes or no
default: no

If set to yes then the selected spectra are outputted over photon wavenumber.

output_global_spectra{ spectra_over_wavelength }

usage: \(\mathrm{\textcolor{ForestGreen}{optional}}\)
type: choice
values: yes or no
default: no

If set to yes then the selected spectra are outputted over photon wavelength.

output_local_spectra{ }

usage: \(\mathrm{\textcolor{ForestGreen}{optional}}\)
items: exactly 1

This group is used to output optical spectra which entered the calculation of the light propagation through the device within the framework of locally defined spectra.

output_local_spectra{ absorption_coeff }

usage: \(\mathrm{\textcolor{ForestGreen}{optional}}\)
type: choice
values: yes or no
default: no

If set to yes, then the absorption spectrum is outputted.

output_local_spectra{ decadic_absorption_coeff }

usage: \(\mathrm{\textcolor{ForestGreen}{optional}}\)
type: choice
values: yes or no
default: no

If set to yes, then the absorption spectrum in decadic units is outputted.

output_local_spectra{ spectra_over_energy }

usage: \(\mathrm{\textcolor{ForestGreen}{optional}}\)
type: choice
values: yes or no
default: yes

If set to yes then the selected spectra are outputted over photon energy.

output_local_spectra{ spectra_over_frequency }

usage: \(\mathrm{\textcolor{ForestGreen}{optional}}\)
type: choice
values: yes or no
default: no

If set to yes then the selected spectra are outputted over photon frequency.

output_local_spectra{ spectra_over_wavenumber }

usage: \(\mathrm{\textcolor{ForestGreen}{optional}}\)
type: choice
values: yes or no
default: no

If set to yes then the selected spectra are outputted over photon wavenumber.

output_local_spectra{ spectra_over_wavelength }

usage: \(\mathrm{\textcolor{ForestGreen}{optional}}\)
type: choice
values: yes or no
default: no

If set to yes then the selected spectra are outputted over photon wavelength.

output_light{ }

usage: \(\mathrm{\textcolor{WildStrawberry}{required}}\)
items: exactly 1

—

output_light{ illumination }

usage: \(\mathrm{\textcolor{ForestGreen}{optional}}\)
type: choice
values: yes or no
default: yes

If set to yes, then the illumination spectrum is outputted.

output_light{ total_absorption }

usage: \(\mathrm{\textcolor{ForestGreen}{optional}}\)
type: choice
values: yes or no
default: yes

If set to yes, then the total_absorption is outputted, i.e. the fraction of absorbed photons in the device relative to the number of incident photons for each wavelength.

output_light{ total_transmission }

usage: \(\mathrm{\textcolor{ForestGreen}{optional}}\)
type: choice
values: yes or no
default: yes

If set to yes, then the total_transmission is outputted, i.e. the fraction of absorbed photons in the device relative to the number of incident photons for each wavelength, i.e. the fraction of transmitted photons through the device relative to the number of incident photons for each wavelength.

output_light{ lightflux }

usage: \(\mathrm{\textcolor{ForestGreen}{optional}}\)
type: choice
values: yes or no
default: yes

If set to yes, then the light flux \(I(x,E)\) of the light propagating through the device

output_light{ spectra_over_energy }

usage: \(\mathrm{\textcolor{ForestGreen}{optional}}\)
type: choice
values: yes or no
default: yes

If set to yes then the selected spectra are outputted over photon energy.

output_light{ spectra_over_frequency }

usage: \(\mathrm{\textcolor{ForestGreen}{optional}}\)
type: choice
values: yes or no
default: no

If set to yes then the selected spectra are outputted over photon frequency.

output_light{ spectra_over_wavenumber }

usage: \(\mathrm{\textcolor{ForestGreen}{optional}}\)
type: choice
values: yes or no
default: no

If set to yes then the selected spectra are outputted over photon wavenumber.

output_light{ spectra_over_wavelength }

usage: \(\mathrm{\textcolor{ForestGreen}{optional}}\)
type: choice
values: yes or no
default: no

If set to yes then the selected spectra are outputted over photon wavelength.

output_light{ photon_spectra }

usage: \(\mathrm{\textcolor{ForestGreen}{optional}}\)
type: choice
values: yes or no
default: yes

If set to yes, then spectrum of photon number is outputted with one of the following units \(1/cm^2/s/eV\), \(1/cm^2/s/nm\), \(1/cm^2/s/THz\), or \(1/cm^2/s/cm^{-1}\).

output_light{ power_spectra }

usage: \(\mathrm{\textcolor{ForestGreen}{optional}}\)
type: choice
values: yes or no
default: no

If set to yes, then photon power spectrum is outputted with units \(W/cm^2\).

Last update: 2025-10-01